Facts
In 2009, Roosevelt Williams went to the Walnut Game Room in Clarksdale, Mississippi, to play dominoes with Joe Spencer, the owner of the game room. As Williams entered, he noticed a man pull a chair up to the building and sit to the side of the entrance to the game room. Later, while Spencer and Williams were playing dominoes, the same man entered the game room and asked Spencer if he had any barbeque.
Spencer replied that he did have barbeque left over from the day before. He told the man to return later and pick up the barbeque once it had been reheated; the man then left the game room. The same man returned a second time, but he did not pick up the barbeque. He left the game room only to return a third time. This time he was holding a gun and had a bandana wrapped around the lower half of his face. The man pointed the gun at Spencer and Williams as he demanded that they “give it up.” Spencer gave the man his wallet, which contained approximately thirty dollars. The man kept only the cash and threw Spencer’s wallet on the
floor.
Williams also handed the man his wallet. When the man discovered that it contained no money, he told Williams: “B***h, I’m not playing with you.” He then put the gun up to Williams’s head and pulled the trigger. The gun clicked, but it did not fire. The man fled from the game room. Williams testified that he got in his car and drove around looking for the man. Williams returned to the game room and told Spencer that he could not see which way the man had gone. Spencer called the police to report the crime.
Two days later, both Spencer and Williams picked Xavier Shaw out of a photographic lineup as the man who had robbed them. They identified Shaw again during trial. Shaw was convicted of armed robbery and sentenced to 15 years. On appeal, he argued the photo lineup was overly suggestive. MCOA affirmed.
Analysis
Shaw argues that of the six men featured in the lineup, he was the only one with an Afro hairstyle. He also argues that five of the men are holding whiteboards with numbers and dates. Shaw’s whiteboard was the only one that listed the date that this crime occurred. Shaw claims that the lineup was suggestive.
Shaw’s argument may be convincing. In Brown, MSC said that a photographic lineup is impermissibly suggestive when the accused is conspicuously singled out in some manner from others. Shaw is clearly the only suspect with a large Afro, and his whiteboard was the only one that displayed the date of the crime. But the suggestive nature of the lineup alone is insufficient to negate the in-court identifications of Shaw.
Upon a review of the eyewitnesses’ testimonies in this case, we find that the jury was presented with ample evidence to find that the victims’ identifications of Shaw were reliable. In York v State, 413 So.2d 1372 (Miss. 1982), the MSC set forth the following standard to determine whether an in-court identification is reliable:
An impermissibly suggestive pretrial identification does not preclude in-court identification by an eyewitness who viewed the suspect at the procedure, unless: (1) from the totality of the circumstances surrounding it (2) the identification was so impermissibly suggestive as to give rise to a very substantial likelihood of irreparable misidentification.
In determining whether these standards are fulfilled, the following may be considered:
The opportunity of the witness to view the criminal at the time of the crime,
The witness’s degree of attention,
The accuracy of the witness’s prior description of the criminal,
The level of certainty demonstrated by the witness at the confrontation, and
The length of time between the crime and the confrontation.
Spencer testified that he knew Shaw stayed with someone in the neighborhood and that he had seen Shaw come to the game room with other neighborhood kids prior to the robbery. Spencer said that Shaw entered the game room three times on the day of the robbery. Shaw wore the same clothes each time; he merely covered his mouth with a bandana when he entered the third time. Spencer stated that he had an opportunity to get a good look at Shaw the first two times he entered the game room. He testified that he had no doubt that Shaw was the man who had robbed him.
Williams testified that he had seen Shaw outside the game room as well as during the three times that Shaw entered the game room. He also saw Shaw down the street from the game room immediately after the robbery had occurred. Williams said that he was able to get a good look at the face of the man who had attempted to rob him.
Spencer and Williams gave the same description of the man who had robbed them – a black male wearing an Afro hairstyle, blue shorts with a white stripe, and a white t-shirt. They both testified that, during the robbery, the bandana fell down slightly so that they could see a bit more of the man’s face. This evidence indicates that Spencer and Williams gave close attention to Shaw’s face. And they both identified Shaw in the photographic lineup just two days after the crime had occurred.
There was also circumstantial evidence presented by the State in addition to the victims’s testimonies. Keith Haynes testified that Shaw had been staying at his family’s house at the time of the robbery. Shaw had asked Haynes about a gun that he had found in Haynes’s closet. Haynes told Shaw that the gun did not work. Haynes’s mother, Lisa Haynes, testified that she saw Shaw on the day of the robbery and that he appeared to be scared like he wanted to hide from someone. When Haynes heard about the robbery, he discovered that his gun was missing.
Considering the totality of the circumstances, we do not find that the photographic lineup was so impermissibly suggestive as to give rise to a very substantial likelihood of irreparable misidentification. Because the victims’ identifications of Shaw were reliable, his claim that the verdicts are against the overwhelming weight of the evidence is without merit.